Understanding Types of Seizures in Dogs

What Exactly Is a Seizure?

A seizure happens when there’s abnormal electrical activity in your dog’s brain. Think of it like a power surge that causes the brain’s normal functions to go haywire temporarily. These episodes can look very different depending on which part of the brain is affected.

Generalized Seizures

Generalized seizures affect both sides of the brain and are often what people picture when they think of seizures. The most common type is called a grand mal seizure (also known as tonic-clonic). During this type of seizure, your dog may:

• Fall over suddenly
• Have violent, jerking movements in all four legs
• Paddle their limbs
• Drool excessively or foam at the mouth
• Lose control of their bladder or bowels
• Lose consciousness completely

Other types of generalized seizures include tonic seizures (where limbs become stiff and extended), clonic seizures (with bent, non-jerking limbs), and atonic seizures (where dogs stand and stare but don’t respond).

Focal Seizures

Focal seizures are quite different from generalized seizures. They happen when the abnormal brain activity stays in just one small area of the brain. These seizures can be much harder to recognize because they’re often subtle. Your dog might:

• Snap at invisible flies (called “fly-biting”)
• Make repeated chewing motions without food
• Have twitching in just one eyelid, lip, or ear
• Remain somewhat aware of their surroundings

While focal seizures usually don’t require emergency treatment, it’s important to watch your dog closely because they can sometimes develop into generalized seizures.

The Three Phases of Seizures

Most seizures happen in three phases:

1. Pre-ictal phase: Before the seizure starts, your dog might seem restless, anxious, or behave differently
2. Ictal phase: This is the actual seizure, usually lasting from seconds to a few minutes
3. Post-ictal phase: After the seizure, your dog may seem confused, tired, or disoriented. Some dogs even crave food during this recovery period

When to Seek Emergency Help

Some seizure situations require immediate veterinary attention:

• Any seizure lasting longer than five minutes
• Multiple seizures within 24 hours (called cluster seizures)
• If this is your dog’s first seizure

These situations can be life-threatening and need professional medical intervention right away.

What You Should Do

During a seizure, keep yourself and your dog safe. Move dangerous objects away, time the seizure, and avoid putting your hands near your dog’s mouth. Consider recording a video if possible – this can be incredibly helpful for your veterinarian.

Remember, while seizures can be frightening to witness, many dogs with seizure disorders live happy, normal lives with proper veterinary care. Always consult with your veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan tailored to your dog’s specific needs.

Understanding these different types of seizures helps you become a better advocate for your dog’s health and ensures they get the best possible care.